Thrombi: why are they dangerous?

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One of the most frequent and really justified reasons for patients to consult a vascular surgeon is the exclusion of thrombosis in the vascular system of the lower extremities. Definitely, everyone has heard stories that a blood clot can "break off" and cause death, but at the same time, this issue should be looked into in more detail. In real life, this threat is often exaggerated, since thrombosis can occur in different places and cause unjustified anxiety and concern for patients, especially in the case of adequate treatment.

The most dangerous are blood clots in arterial vessels, which most often occur with atherosclerosis of the arteries of the lower extremities or heart rhythm disorders (most often atrial fibrillation). In a short period of time, irreversible tissue changes appear, which often leads to amputation if urgent adequate assistance is not provided. Clinical signs of this condition are: a sharply expressed pain syndrome, blanching and coldness of the extremities, the skin becomes marbled. In this case, immediately call an ambulance. The patient must be taken to a hospital with a vascular surgery department for an urgent operation to remove the thrombus and restore blood flow to the lower limb.

Often happens thrombosis in the deep vein system, which can also be dangerous due to the risk of clots migrating into the vessels of the lungs (pulmonary embolism or PE). This condition can cause acute respiratory or heart failure. Most often, this condition is manifested by a sudden swelling of the lower limb and may not be accompanied by pain. Seeking medical attention should also be immediate. Proper treatment reduces the risk of PE and speeds up the recovery of venous patency. Most often, there is no threat to the viability of the limb, since the function of venous outflow can be taken over by "bypass" collateral veins, the reserve of which is significant. With improper treatment, a chronic disease can develop - post-thrombotic syndrome. It is manifested by edema or trophic disorders, up to the appearance of long-term non-healing ulcers.

Thrombosis can occur in the superficial veins of the lower extremities (thrombophlebitis), which in most cases occur with a long-term existing varicose veins. There is redness and pain along the varicose vein, more often along the inner surface of the thigh or lower leg. Depending on the location of the thrombus, both medical treatment and exceptional surgical treatment may be considered. These clots also increase the risk of a clot entering the lungs if inflammation spreads to the deep vein system.

If you suspect any of the described signs of thrombosis, be sure to seek help from vascular surgeon. The doctor will choose the appropriate treatment tactics and help reduce the risks associated with thrombosis.

How blood clots form, why blood clots are dangerous, what causes thrombosis, blood clots in vessels.

Author: Machuskyi Serhii MD ©